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ABOUT THIS STUDY
Now in its 37th year, The Industry Report is recognized as the training industry’s most trusted source of data on budgets, staffing, and programs. This year, the study was conducted by an outside research firm May-July 2018, when members from the Training magazine database were e-mailed an invitation to participate in an online survey. Only U.S.-based corporations and educational institutions with 100 or more employees were included in the analysis.
The data represents a cross-section of industries and company sizes.
Note that the figures in this report are weighted by company size and industry according to a Dun & Bradstreet database available through Hoovers of U.S. companies. Since small companies dominate the U.S. market, in terms of sheer numbers, these organizations receive a heavier weighting, so that the data accurately reflects the U.S. market.
About Survey Respondents:
- 61% are managers or above in the organization
- 17% are developers or instructional designers
- 22% are mid- to low-level (based on title selection) associates
- 64% determine the need for purchasing products and services
- 30% set the budget
- 31% manage requests for proposals/bids
- 70% recommend the purchase
- 28% have the final purchase decision
TRAINING EXPENDITURES
Total 2018 U.S. training expenditures—including payroll and spending on external products and services—declined 6.4 percent to $87.6 billion. Spending on outside products and services rose from $7.5 billion to $11 billion, while other training expenditures (i.e., travel, facilities, equipment) decreased to $29.6 billion from $44.5 billion. Meanwhile, training payroll increased nearly 13 percent to $47 billion.
The training expenditure figures were calculated by projecting the average training budget to a weighted universe of 127,095 companies, using a Dun & Bradstreet database available through Hoovers of U.S. organizations with more than 100 employees.
Note: Although small companies have the smallest annual budgets, there are so many of them (112,507), that they account for one-quarter of the total budget for training expenditures.
Average training expenditures for large companies increased from $17 million in 2017 to $19.7 million in 2018. The number for midsize companies rose $600,000 to $2.1 million in 2018. But small companies decreased from $1 million to $355,731 (back to slightly below the 2016 level).
Some 36 percent of organizations said they increased staff from the year before (up from 28 percent in 2017), while 52 percent said the level remained the same (down from 56 percent in 2017). Some 12 percent said it was lower, down from 16 percent in 2017. Large and midsize government/ military organizations had the largest personnel costs. This year, midsize companies spent about a fifth as much as large companies, while small companies spent about one-quarter as much as midsize ones. The average payroll figure for large companies was $6.2 million; for midsize organizations, it was $1.1 million; for small companies, it was $289,752.
For those who reported an increase in their training staff, the average increase was six people, three more than in 2017. For those who reported a decrease in their staff, the average decrease was 24 people—up from six last year, but two large companies reported a reduction of 300-plus trainers, skewing the average.
Other training expenditures decreased significantly this year to $29.6 billion from $44.5 billion in 2017. Such expenditures can include travel, training facilities, in-house training development, and equipment. On average, organizations spent 11 percent of their budget or $235,077 (up from $135,837 last year) on learning tools and technologies. Large services organizations had the largest budgets for learning tools ($1.3 million). Midsize government/ military organizations had the largest tool budget in their size range ($230,758). Large retailers spent the smallest percentage of their training budgets on tools and technologies (1 percent). Looking ahead, the most frequently anticipated purchases are online learning tools and systems (41 percent vs. 40 percent last year), learning management systems (33 percent vs. 39 percent last year), and classroom tools and systems (which leaped into No. 3 with 32 percent vs. 28 percent last year). This is followed by content development at 31 percent and authoring tools/systems at 27 percent (vs. 28 percent last year), certification (26 percent vs. 29 percent last year), and mobile learning (24 percent vs. 23 percent last year). Several items received 10 percent or less of hits, including audience response systems, enterprise learning systems, talent management administration, translation and localization, and Web 2.0.
Overall, on average, companies spent $986 per learner this year compared with $1,075 per learner in 2017. Government/ military organizations spent the most per learner this year ($1,433), followed by nonprofit organizations ($1,360). Midsize companies spent less ($858) than large ($1,046) and small ($1,096) companies.
While spending slightly less per learner, companies provided almost the same number of hours of training as last year. On average, employees received 46.7 hours of training per year, compared to 47.6 hours last year. Small companies provided the most hours of training this year (61.2). Small services companies had the highest average number of hours overall (81.8).
Companies continued to devote the bulk of their training expenditures to training non-exempt employees (39 percent vs. 42 percent last year).
TRAINING BUDGET
Budget status remained much the same as last year, with 37 percent saying their training budget increased and 48 percent saying it remained the same. Some 15 percent reported a decrease in budget. Last year, 36 percent said their budget went up; 49 percent said it remained the same; and 15 percent said it went down. Services companies showed the greatest tendency for budget cuts, while retailers showed a greater tendency for gains. Increases were not evenly distributed across organization sizes. More small and midsize companies showed increases (32 and 51 percent, respectively) than decreases (14 and 11 percent, respectively) than midsize and large companies, where the numbers were more balanced (23 percent for each).
Most of the budget increases were modest—less than 16 percent. Some 42 percent saw increases in the 6 to 15 percent range, while 30 percent of organizations reported increases in the 1 to 5 percent range. Most respondents who reported an increase in their training budgets attributed it to the following reasons:
- Increase in the scope of their training programs (65 percent vs. 67 percent last year)
- Added training staff (48 percent vs. 54 percent last year)
- Increased number of learners served (48 percent vs. 49 percent last year)
- Purchased new technologies/ equipment (34 percent vs. 38 percent last year)
This year, more respondents (36 percent) reported budget decreases between 6 and 15 percent vs. 33 percent for 1 to 5 percent decreases and 31 percent for more than 16 percent decreases. Some 32 percent (vs. 36 percent last year) chose “other” as the reason for the decrease, citing “added more blended learning opportunities and reduced the need to travel,” “potential corporate merger,” and “state budget reduced.”
This was followed by:
- Budget adjusted to reflect lower costs (nearly 30 percent vs. 39 percent last year)
- Reduced training staff (26 percent vs. 25 percent last year)
- Decreased outside trainer/consultant investment (21 percent vs. 18 percent)
- Decreased scope of training (13 percent vs .18 percent)
Like the last six years, the highest percentage of organizations (30 percent) said management/supervisorytraining will receive more funding than the year before. On average, organizations plan to allocate the most funding to mandatory compliance training at $3.2 million; desktop application training at $1.3 million; profession/industryspecific training at $1.2 million; onboarding at $ 915,454; and management/supervisory training at $8 50 ,6 96 .
The highest priorities for training in terms of allocating resources in 20 19 are: increasing the effectiveness of training programs (34 percent vs. 37 percent last year), followed by measuring the impact of training programs and reducing costs/improving efficiency (19 percent for both in 20 18 vs. 16 and 13 percent, respectively, last year), and increasing learner usage of training programs (13 percent this year vs. 12 percent last year). Learning infrastructure is a low priority at 3 percent, and none of the respondents said they are planning to obtain revenue through external training.
TRAINING DELIVERY
Some 69.3 percent of hours were delivered with blended learning techniques, up significantly from 34.7 percent last year.
- Some 35.5 percent of training hours were delivered by a stand-and-deliver instructor in a classroom setting—down from the 42 percent reported last year.
- 25.6 percent of hours were delivered solely via online or computer-based technologies, down from 28.6 percent last year. Virtual classroom/Webcast accounted for 10.2 percent of hours delivered, down a bit from 14 percent last year.
- 1.7 percent of training hours were delivered via mobile devices, down from 3.6 percent in 2017. None of the respondents used social learning only to delivery learning, the same as last year. And only 10.6 percent of companies are using it to some extent, down from 25 percent last year.
Instructor-led classroom training is used exclusively or mostly (90 to 100 percent of the time) by 9 percent of the organizations. More companies (34 percent) use it for 10 to 29 percent of their training. Small and midsize companies rely on blended delivery methods for a sizable amount of their training (79 and 86 percent of hours, respectively) vs. 43 percent for large companies.
Mandatory or compliance training continued to be done mostly online, with 82 percent of organizations doing at least some of it online and 28 percent entirely online (up from 27 percent last year). Online training also often is used for sales training (82 percent), IT systems training (73 percent), and desktop application training (70 percent). Online delivery for profession/ industry-specific training was at 68 percent, followed by management/supervisory training, interpersonal skills training, and customer service training, all at 56 percent. Online training was least used for onboarding and executive development (49 percent and 48 percent, respectively).
Technology use overall was slightly lower than last year. Of the learning technologies presented, the most often used included:
- Learning management systems (LMSs) at 81 percent, down from 86 percent last year, followed by virtual classroom/Webcasting/video broadcasting at 69 percent, down from 73 percent last year
- Rapid e-learning tools (45 percent, down from 48 percent last year)
- Application simulation tools (34 percent, down from 38 percent last year)
The delivery methods least often used for training remained the same as last year:
- Podcasting at 14 percent (up from 13 percent last year)
- Online performance support (EPSS) or knowledge management system at21 percent (down from 23 percent)
- Mobile applications and learning content management systems (LCMSs), both at 30 percent (down from 32 percent and 35 percent, respectively)
TRAINING OUTSOURCING
2018 saw an increase in the average expenditure for training outsourcing: $422,321, up from $219,265 in 2017. Large companies on average spent $1.3 million vs. $216,657 for midsize companies and $78,184 for small ones. An average of 14 percent of the total training budget was spent on outsourcing in 2018, doubling the 2017 percentage.
On average, 26 percent of companies mostly or completely outsourced LMS operations/hosting (down from 34 percent last year), while LMS administration and learner support largely were handled in-house (77 percent).
Instruction/facilitation was handled equally in-house (46 percent) and outsourced (54 percent). Across all the topic areas, large companies outsourced only slightly more than midsize ones, and midsize organizations outsourced more than small companies. This effect was most striking for custom content development (60 percent some or completely outsourced for large companies; 53 percent for midsize ones; and 34 percent for small organizations).
The level of outsourcing is expected to stay relatively steady in 2019—some 82 percent of organizations said they expect to stay the same in the outsourcing area. The percentage of companies expecting to decrease outsourcing (11 percent) is higher than those expecting to use outsourcing more (7 percent). Roughly half of respondents said they don’t plan to outsource learner support or LMS administration in the next 12 months.
While there aren’t many differences between the outsourcing changes by company size, small companies indicated they will outsource slightly less across the board than large or midsize companies.
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